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Nikolai Ilyin
Nikolai Sazontovich Ilyin (also spelled Il'in) (1809–1890) – a Russian retired military officer, writer and religious thinker, in the 1840s founded and led an apocalyptic millenarian movement of Yehowists (Russian: Еговисты), or Yehowists-Ilyinites that has survived in parts of the former Soviet Union up to this day.
==Ilyin's Early Years==
Ilyin was born in 1809 in Astrakhan, South Russia. He was educated in a Jesuit college and a military school in St. Petersburg. By 1840 Nikolai Ilyin became an active correspondent for a new magazine called ''Maiak (The Lighthouse)''.〔E. Molostvova, Egovisty: Zhizn' i sochinenia kapitana Il'ina (Yehowists: Life and Works of Captain Il'in), Saint-Petersburg, Russia: Tipografiia M.M. Stasiulevicha, 1914, 7〕 The magazine maintained to a certain degree the mystical tendencies of the famous ''Sionsky Vestnik (The Herald of Zion)'' published by Aleksandr Labzin (1776-1825), a freemason and mystic.〔A.N. Pypin, Religioznye dvizheniia pri Aleksandre I (Religious Movements during the Alexander I Reign) (Petrograd: Ogni, 1916), 136-137〕 The Herald of Zion was published during the reign of Alexander I, a monarch known for his liberal and lenient politics towards religious free thought and dissent. Nikolai Ilyin read Sionskii Vestnik and the ideas of the universal brotherhood of all men, a mystical core common to all faiths and the focus on personal spirituality as opposed to external forms, appealed to him. Ideas of the German mystic Johann Heinrich Jung also played a very important role in shaping Il’in’s worldview.〔Molostvova, Egovisty, 25〕
Ilyin, as many other Christian mystics, turned to the most secret text of the New Testament, Apocalypse and thoroughly studied commentaries on the Book of Revelation. This caused Ilyin to revise his views on church and Christianity and ultimately led to his decision to leave Orthodoxy.〔Molostvova, Egovisty, 25-26〕 Deep personal experiences and insights of religious nature gradually led him away from the strictly Orthodox way of thinking, and his initially eclectic world view evolved into a specific doctrine.
In 1846 Ilyin was transferred to Ekaterinburg and, in the following year, to the nearby settlement of Barancha. Around 1850 Ilyin began to write his first decidedly non-Orthodox book, ''Sionskaia vest’ (The Message of Zion)''. The book that Ilyin called his ''Good News'' (Благовест, Blagovest), contained a teaching of a coming battle between God and Satan and the division of people between “those of the right hand” and “those of the left hand”, an allusion to verses of Matthew (25:32, 33). The essence of the true religion, according to Ilyin, was Love alone, not any external forms of worship or rituals. The law of Love, common for the ancient Hebrew prophets and the teachings of Jesus Christ, would be a foundation for the unification of faiths.〔Molostvova, Egovisty, 48-49〕 Although Ilyin primarily strove for the unification of Christians and Jews, his call for unity was likewise directed to Muslims, who are also descendants of Abraham. ''Desnoe Bratstvo'' (literally “Brotherhood of those of the Right Hand”, sometimes translated by Western researches as The Righteous Brotherhood) became an initial name of their group used by Ilyin and his friends.
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